AISI 309 | 1.4828 | BS 309S24 | X15CrNiSi20-12 | Austenitic steel
Data sheet for material 1.4828 according to DIN EN 10088-3
AISI 309 is a heat-resistant austenitic chromium-nickel steel, also known as 1.4828, BS 309S24 and X15CrNiSi20-12. It is characterised by excellent heat resistance and scale resistance up to approx. 1000 °C. Compared to other austenitic stainless steels, its corrosion resistance is slightly lower. Stainless steel 1.4828 is non-magnetic in the solution-annealed state, but can be easily magnetised after cold working. It has average mechanical properties, a tensile strength of 500 to 700 N/mm², a hardness of ≤ 223 HB and a density of approx. 7.9 kg/dm³. The material 1.4828 is characterised by good forgeability and weldability. Typical areas of application are furnace construction, heat-stressed components in automotive and mechanical engineering, and components for the chemical industry at high temperatures.
Delivery programme for stainless steel wire 1.4828 (AISI 309, BS 309S24)
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Properties at a glance
Elongation at break (A): ≥ 30%
Density: 7.9 kg/dm³
Cold forming: Possible
Cold heading: Possible
Corrosion resistance: Low
Mechanical properties: Medium
Magnetic: No
Magnetisable: No
Polishable: No
Forging: Good
Weldability: Good
Machining: Possible
Yield strength (Rp0.2): ≥ 230
Machinability: Medium
Tensile strength: 550 - 750 N/mm²
Specifications of the material
EN material number: 1.4828
EN short name: X15CrNiSi20-12
EN standard: 10088-3
Microstructure class: Heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel
Comparable standards and designations
AFNOR Z15CNS20.12
AISI 309
Alloy 309
BS 309S24
ČSN 17251
DIN X15CrNiSi20-12
GB 1Cr20Ni14Si2
INOX 309
JIS SUH309
PN H20N12S2
RVS 309
UNI X16CrNi23-14
UNS S30900
SAE 309
The chemical composition of stainless steel AISI 309 (1.4828, X15CrNiSi20-12) is specified in mass percent according to DIN EN 10088-3 as follows:
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Carbon (C): ≤ 0.20
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Silicon (Si): 1.50 - 2.00
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Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00
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Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045
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Sulphur (S): ≤ 0.015
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Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.10
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Chromium (Cr): 19.0 - 21.0
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Nickel (Ni): 11.0 - 13.0
Physical properties
Thermal conductivity (at 20°C): 15
Electrical resistivity at room temperature (in Ω mm²/m): 0.85
Specific heat capacity (at 20°C): 500
Mechanical properties
These specifications refer to mechanical properties at room temperature (20 °C) in accordance with EN 10088-3.
Hardness in HB: ≤ 223
Yield strength Rp0.2 in MPa: ≥ 230
Tensile strength Rm in MPa: 550 - 750 N/mm²
Elongation at break A5 in %: ≥ 30
Modulus of elasticity kN/mm²: 196
Weldability: Stainless steel 309 (BS 309S24, X15CrNiSi20-12) has good weldability and is suitable for all common welding processes, including MIG/MAG welding, TIG welding, arc welding, laser beam welding and resistance welding.
Welding temperature: During welding, the intermediate temperature should be kept as low as possible, ideally below 150 °C. Preheating is not usually necessary, nor is post-weld heat treatment, provided that the component is not subject to particularly high requirements.
Welding filler material: In most cases, a suitable welding filler material should be used. Recommended materials include 1.4829 (equivalent to AISI 309 or AWS E/ER 309 or 309L), especially if good temperature and corrosion resistance of the weld seam is required.
Forging
The heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel AISI 309 (1.4828) is characterised by good forgeability. To avoid stresses in the material, it should be preheated slowly and evenly. Forging takes place in a temperature range of approximately 1150°C to 800°C. After forging, the workpiece should be cooled quickly in air or by quenching in water.
Please note: Before and during the forging process, the material must be free of contaminants (e.g. oil, grease or scale), as these can cause material damage during hot forming and subsequent heat treatment.
Heat treatment and hot forming
Hot forming (temperature 1150-800 °C) - cooling in air or water
Solution annealing (+AT) (temperature 1050-1150 °C) - cooling in air or water
Machinability, cold forming and cold upsetting
Machinability: The heat-resistant stainless steel AISI 309 (BS 309S24, 1.4828) has average machinability. Carbides may form during the machining process, which increases the wear of the cutting tools. The material also tends to work harden and has low thermal conductivity. To avoid excessive heat build-up at the cutting edge, it should be adequately cooled.
Cold forming: The material AISI 309 (X15CrNiSi20-12) is generally suitable for cold forming. However, for complex components or higher degrees of forming, intermediate annealing may be necessary to prevent cracking.
Cold heading: Can be used for cold heading. However, due to its tendency to work harden, the forming process must be carefully monitored. For high degrees of forming, intermediate annealing may be necessary to prevent cracking.
Corrosion resistance
Compared to other austenitic steels, AISI 309 (1.4828) has moderate to limited corrosion resistance. However, when in contact with oxygen-containing water, a protective passive layer forms on the surface, which improves corrosion resistance under normal atmospheric conditions. Stainless steel 1.4828 is resistant to water vapour at temperatures above 1000 °C. Even at elevated temperatures, the material is resistant to many chemical influences. However, it is not resistant to seawater or other environments with high chloride content. Prolonged contact with salt water may result in pitting corrosion.
Applications of stainless steel 1.4828 / BS 309S24
Austenitic stainless steel 309 (BS 309S24, X15CrNiSi20-12) is characterised by its excellent heat resistance, in particular its high scale resistance up to approx. 1000 °C, as well as good hot formability and weldability. Due to these specific properties, the material is mainly used in industries where components must withstand high operating temperatures and oxidising atmospheres. Below are some of the most important areas of application and typical uses for this stainless steel:
Furnace construction and industrial furnaces: Stainless steel AISI 309 (1.4828) is used in the manufacture of furnace components such as muffles, retorts, annealing baskets, scale plates, annealing hoods and furnace linings due to its excellent heat resistance.
Machinery and plant engineering (heat-stressed): The material is used in machinery and plant engineering in heat-resistant pipes, burner components and screw connections, as well as in the construction of heat exchangers that are operated at high temperatures.
Automotive and engine construction: In the automotive and engine industry, AISI 309 (BS 309S24) is used for heat-stressed components in exhaust systems, for example in protective tubes for lambda sensors, heat shields and components in exhaust manifolds or turbochargers.
Chemical industry (high-temperature applications): In the chemical industry, this heat-resistant steel is used for equipment and containers that come into contact with high-temperature, non-aggressive, non-corrosive gases or liquids, for example in reactors and pipes for cracking processes.
Cement and steel industry: In the cement and steel industry, AISI 309 (1.4828) is used for heat-resistant components in furnaces, calciners and other thermally stressed equipment.
The data provided in this data sheet or material information sheet has been compiled to the best of our knowledge and is based on the current version of the relevant standard. We do not accept any liability for any errors.
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