1.4003 | UNS S40977 | X2CrNi12 | Ferritic stainless steel
Grade 1.4003 is a corrosion-resistant ferritic stainless steel, also known as UNS S40977 and X2CrNi12. Within the group of ferritic steels, 1.4003 has a comparatively high strength. The material exhibits good formability and moderate machinability, and also has good weldability even in larger dimensions. Processing options include cold forming, cold heading and machining. Stainless steel 1.4003 (X2CrNi12) has low to moderate corrosion resistance with a PREN value of 10.5 to 12.5. The material’s properties include resistance to hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen. This ferritic chromium steel is also characterised by its good magnetisability (magnetic properties Hc < 200 A/m). Stainless steel 1.4003 is suitable for use at low temperatures, but can also be used at elevated temperatures of up to 300°C. It is regularly used in the construction industry.
Product range for stainless steel wire 1.4003
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Data sheet in accordance with DIN EN 10088-3 for material number 1.4003
Technical properties at a glance
Elongation at break (A): ≥20 %
Density: 7.7 kg/dm³
Cold forming: Well suited
Cold heading: Possible to a limited extent
Corrosion resistance: Low to medium
Magnetic: Ferromagnetic
Magnetisable: Yes
Polishability: Medium to poor
PREN value: 10.5–12.5
Forgability: Good
Weldability: Good
Machinability: Moderate
Yield strength (Rp0.2): ≥260 MPa
Machinability: Moderate
Tensile strength (Rm): 450–600 N/mm²
Specifications and classification
EN material number: 1.4003
EN abbreviation: X2CrNi12
EN standard: 10088-3
Microstructure class: ferrite (Ferritic stainless steel)
Comparable standards and designations
AFNOR X2CrNi12
BS X2CrNi12
UNS S40977
The chemical composition of stainless steel 1.4003 (X2CrNi12) is specified in accordance with DIN EN 10088-3 in mass percent as follows:
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Carbon (C): ≤ 0.03
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Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00
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Manganese (Mn): ≤ 1.50
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Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.040
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Sulphur (S): ≤ 0.030
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Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.030
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Chromium (Cr): 10.5–12.5
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Nickel (Ni): 0.30–1.00
Mechanical properties at room temperature
The specified values refer to the diameter range ≤ 100 (Ø in mm).
Hardness in HB: ≤ 200
Yield strength Rp0.2 in Mpa: ≤ 200
Strength Rm in Mpa: 450-600
Elongation at break A in % (longitudinal): 20
Modulus of elasticity kN / mm²: 220
These data refer to mechanical properties at room temperature in annealed condition (according to EN 10088-3)
Yield strengths at elevated temperature in the solution-annealed condition
Temp in °C | 100 °C | 150 °C | 200 °C | 250 °C | 300 °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rp0,2 in Mpa | 240 | 230 | 220 | 215 | 210 |
Physical properties
Magnetizability: present
Density (kg/dm³): 7.7
Thermal conductivity (at up to 20°C): 25
Electronic resistance at room temperature (in Ω mm²/m): 0.60
Corrosion resistance of stainless steel 1.4003
With a PREN value of 10.5 to 12.5, the material 1.4003 has good corrosion resistance in non-chloride-containing and less aggressive environments. This stainless steel therefore offers significantly better corrosion protection than conventional structural steel. However, if the material is to be used in more aggressive media, additional protection such as a protective coating or galvanising is required.
Weldability: Stainless steel 1.4003 (X2CrNi12) exhibits good weldability even in larger dimensions. The material is suitable for almost all common welding processes, such as TIG welding, MIG/MAG welding and manual arc welding. However, its suitability for gas fusion welding (oxy-fuel welding) and submerged arc welding (SAW) is very limited, as excessive heat input can lead to undesirable grain coarsening. Preheating is not usually required.
Welding temperature: The interpass temperature should be kept as low as possible and should not exceed approximately 100 °C to 150 °C in order to minimise grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone. Preheating and subsequent heat treatment are not usually necessary, although the mechanical and technological properties in the weld zone may differ slightly from those of the base material without thermal post-treatment.
Filler metal: A filler metal is not strictly required, but is usually recommended to prevent embrittlement. If a filler metal is used, austenitic filler metals such as 1.4316 (AISI 308L) or 1.4370 are very suitable. After welding, discolouration and scale should be thoroughly removed, as these can impair corrosion resistance.
Forging
Heat treatment and hot forming
Solution annealing 680-740 °C (cooling by air)
Hot forming 1150-800 °C (cooling by air)
Stainless steel 1.4003 has good forgeability. First, the material should be slowly heated to a temperature of 1150 °C to 1180 °C. Forging can then take place within the temperature range of 800 °C to 1150 °C. Subsequent cooling should be carried out slowly in air. The material is suitable for open-die forging and die forging.
Machinability and machining
Due to its microstructure, ferritic stainless steel 1.4003 (X2CrNi12) has moderate machinability. During machining, the material may be prone to the formation of built-up edges on the tool cutting edge. The material’s higher thermal conductivity ensures that the heat generated during the cutting process is dissipated more effectively, thereby reducing the thermal load on the tool.
Cold forming and cold heading
Cold forming: Ferritic stainless steel 1.4003 (X2CrNi12) has good cold formability and can be processed by bending, edging, profiling and other forming methods. The material exhibits lower cold work hardening than austenitic materials. Its good ductility also allows for greater degrees of forming.
Cold heading: 1.4003 is generally suitable for cold heading and cold extrusion processes, though only to a limited extent for very high degrees of forming. The ferritic microstructure of the material allows for the straightforward forming of simple geometries. For demanding cold heading applications, however, austenitic stainless steels are recommended.
FAQ on stainless steel 1.4003
The information given in this data sheet has been compiled to the best of our knowledge and is based on the current version of the relevant standard. It is considered for reference only and we assume no liability for any errors.
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