AISI 316 | 1.4401 | BS 316S31 | X5CrNiMol17-12-2 | Austenitic steel
Data sheet according to DIN EN 10088-3 for material number AISI 316 / 1.4401
AISI 316 is an austenitic stainless steel that is also known under the designations 1.4401, BS 316S31 and X5CrNiMol17-12-2. This rustproof steel belongs to the group of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels. It can be used at temperatures of up to 550°C and is also suitable for low temperatures. Stainless steel AISI 316 has good corrosion resistance (PREN value 23.1 to 28.5) in natural environmental media. This material is not resistant to seawater and intercrystalline corrosion. Stainless steel AISI 316 / 1.4401 has a tensile strength of 500 to 700 N/mm², a hardness of ≤ 215 HB and a density of 8.0 kg/dm³ (at 20°C). The material's properties include its polishability and good forgeability. The stainless steel AISI 316 (1.4401, X5CrNiMol17-12-2) differs from the comparable material 316L / 1.4404 in its high carbon content. The material is suitable for cold forming (cold massive forming), but it is rarely used for cold heading. Typical industrial applications include the food industry, the construction industry and the automotive industry.
Specifications of the material
EN material number 1.4401
EN abbreviation X5CrNiMol17-12-2
EN standard 10088-3
Austenite microstructure class
Comparable standards and designations
AFNOR Z7CND17-11-02 / Z7CND17-12-02
AISI 316
Alloy 316
AMS 5648
ASTM A276
BS 316S31
ČSN 17346
GB 08Ch27N13M2
JIS SUS316
ONORM X5CrNiMo17-12-2KW
PN 0H17N12M2T
RVS 316
SAE 316
SS 2347
UNE F.3534
UNI X5CrNiMo1712
UNS S31600
Properties and chemical composition of stainless steel AISI 316 / 1.4401
C | Si | Mn | P | S | N | Cr | Cu | Mo | Ni | Ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 0,07 | ≤ 1,00 | ≤ 2,00 | ≤ 0,045 | ≤ 0,03 | ≤ 0,10 | 16,5 - 18,5 | - | 2,00 - 2,50 | 10,0 - 13,0 | - |
Mass fraction in % according to DIN EN 10088-3
Abbreviations: C = carbon, Cr = chromium, Cu = copper, Mn = manganese, Mo = molybdenum, N = nitrogen, Ni = nickel, P = phosphorus, S = sulphur, Si = silicon, Ti = titanium
Physical properties
Magnetisability: low
Density (kg/dm³): 8.0
Thermal conductivity (at up to 20°C): 15
Electronic resistance at room temperature (in Ω mm²/m): 0.75
Specific heat capacity at 20°C in J/(kg K): 500
Mechanical properties
The values given refer to the diameter range ≤ 160 (Ø in mm) and 160 < d ≤ 250 (Ø in mm)*
Hardness in HB: ≤ 215
Yield strength Rp0.2 in Mpa: ≥ 200
Yield strength Rp1.0 in Mpa: ≥ 235
Strength / tensile strength Rm in Mpa: 500-700
Elongation at break A in % (longitudinal) at ≤ 160: ≥ 40
* These figures refer to mechanical properties at room temperature in the solution-annealed state (according to EN 10088-3)
Yield strengths at elevated temperature in the solution-annealed condition
Temp in °C | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 550 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rp0,2 in MPa | ≥ 175 | ≥ 158 | ≥ 145 | ≥ 135 | ≥ 127 | ≥ 120 | ≥ 115 | ≥ 112 | ≥ 110 | ≥ 108 |
Rp1,0 in MPa | ≥ 210 | ≥ 190 | ≥ 175 | ≥ 165 | ≥ 155 | ≥ 150 | ≥ 145 | ≥ 141 | ≥ 139 | ≥ 137 |
Stainless steel AISI 316 (1.4401 / X5CrNiMol17-12-2) has medium weldability and can be used with many common processes such as arc or TIG welding. This stainless steel grade is only partially suitable for submerged arc and gas fusion welding. A welding filler material is not required. If such a material is desired, 1.4430 should be used. After welding, heat treatment is required. Since chromium carbides can form during welding, the corrosion resistance is negatively affected. In the welded state, the material is therefore no longer resistant to intercrystalline corrosion. To assess weldability, we advise you to use our CEV calculator.
Forging
Stainless steel AISI 316 / BS 316S31 has good forgeability. The material should first be heated to a temperature of 1150°C to 1180°C so that forging can take place in the temperature range between 1180°C and 950°C. The material must then be quickly heated in water. The material must then be cooled quickly in water or air. Corrosion resistance is negatively affected by the formation of scale and tarnish colours, so these should be removed. The material is suitable for open-die forging and drop forging.
Heat treatment and hot forming
Solution heat treatment (cooling by air or water): 1020-1120 °C
Hot forming (cooling by air): 1200-900 °C
Machinability
Stainless steel AISI 316 / 1.4401 has only medium machinability. As the material has a high carbon content, its machinability is comparatively poorer than that of 1.4404.
Corrosion resistance
Stainless steel AISI 316 (1.4401 / X5CrNiMol17-12-2) has good corrosion resistance (PREN value 23.1 - 28.5) in natural environmental media and an environment with low chlorine and salt concentrations. The corrosion resistance has been improved by the addition of 2 to 2.5% molybdenum as an alloy component. At room temperature, stainless steel 316 / BS 316S31 is also resistant to low concentrations of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. It is not resistant to seawater where pitting can occur. Due to the high carbon content, there is also no resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Applications of stainless steel AISI 316 / BS 316S31
The austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 (1.4401 / X5CrNiMo17-12-2) is used in a variety of industrial applications. In the chemical industry, stainless steel AISI 316 / BS 316S31 is often used to manufacture plant components, pipelines and containers. In tank construction, pressure vessels, storage tanks and silos are made from the material. In the construction industry, stainless steel AISI 316 / 1.4401 is used to manufacture architectural elements and contributing structures. Due to its good corrosion resistance, the material has a long service life even under adverse weather conditions. In mechanical engineering, this steel is used to manufacture components such as shafts, gears and housings. In valve construction, flanges, valves and couplings are made of stainless steel AISI 316. In the automotive industry, the material is used to produce silencers, fuel tanks or engine parts such as cylinder heads.
Stock of stainless steel wire
The data provided in this data sheet or material information sheet has been compiled to the best of our knowledge and is based on the current version of the relevant standard. We do not accept any liability for any errors.
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